Some
Some are used in positive times. Some can be used for objects that can be counted or that can not be calculated (can be counted and countless). Some are prohibited to be placed on the sentence if the sentence is negative.
Now consider the following example:
Toni has some books.
They have some pens.
There are some apples on the table.
My brother bought some new pencils.
There was some sugar in the kitchen.
I need some water.
Keep in mind, if we use "some" for countable objects (nouns that can be counted), then they are plural / plural.
Toni has some books
They have some pens.
There are some apples on the table
My brother bought some new pencils
If there is a word that we fill the nouns can not be calculated / uncountable noun, then the nouns should not be added "s / es".
There was some sugar in the kitchen.
I need some water
she has some salt.
Note: Remember, some can not be used in a negative sentence, sometimes we find some placement in a question / interrogative sentence, usually a question sentence that uses some word is a sentence that offers something meaningful (offer something) and also a request something.
Example:
Would you like some apples? (offer)
Can I have some water? (demand)
Any
There are only in negative sentences and sentences asked / interrogative. We are not allowed to use "any" in a positive sentence. We can also accommodate countable or unaccountable nouns and countless "any" words. If the noun is a computable noun / noun, then the noun must be plural / plural.
Example;
I do not have any book
I don’t have any books
They didn’t bring any pen
She doesn’t have any ruler
Do they need any knives
Does she water any flowers
We don’t have any sugar
The boys didn’t have any money
Shinta does not bring any food
Do the girls play any games today?
So much for my explanation of "some" and "there"
Many
"Many" are used for countable nounts. Such as books, cars, people, tables, chairs Etc.
Example:
– Many Books
– Many Cars
– Many People
– Many Desks
Much
"Much" is used to express many of the unaccountable nouns (countless nouns). Such as: water, sugar, ink, rice, milk, coffee.
Example:
Much water
Much Rice
Much ink
Much Rice
Much Milk
A lot of
In general for positive sentences used a lot of words that have meaning 'many' like many and many. This many advantages can be used for countless and countless nouns. So we are free to use nouns regardless of the noun it can be calculated with no count. But thus we can not care for our martial words, we must also pay attention to the keyword of the object, whether the noun is written in plural or not.
Examples of use in sentences:
Examples of their use in multiple sentences are:
I have a lot of books to read
I have a lot of lights to be installed
I have a lot of cars for sale
Examples of their use in a single sentence are:
I have a lot of money
There are a lot of water to wash clothes
You have a lot of flour to make a cake
A few
Some are used together with countable nouns to indicate a small quantity. Some are also used in positive sentences (+), and not in negative (-) sentences. We commonly use anything for interrogative (?) Sentences, but some are also biased in the interrogative (?) Sentence.
Examples of use in sentences:
Example of a sentence in a positive sentence (+):
I have a few books
I have a few pens
You have a few bags
Example of use in an interrogative (?) Sentence:
Do you have a few books?
Do you have a few pens?
Do you have a few bags?
Determiner A, An, and The (Explanation of Articles A, AN, and THE)
DETERMINANTS
Determiner are words like, an, my, some and others. They are the same grammar and are grouped into Determinants or KataSandang in Bahasa Indonesia. Determination of several groups:
Articles are a, an, the
Possessives ie my, your, his, her, our, their
Other determinants:
1. a) each, every
2. b) either, neither
3. c) any, some, no
4. d) much, many, more, most
5. e) little, less, least
6. f) few, fewer, fewest
7. g) what, whatever; which, whichever
8. h) both, half, all
9. i) several
10. j) enough
A, AN and THE
There is one question, according to friends: When we say "the dog" and when to say "a dog"? (Please remember we are not talking about singular / singular nouns and countable nouns). It's for all nouns. Good for clarity we continue to the material
The and a's are called "articles". Articles in 2 parts is
V Definite (sure / sure) is THE
V Indefinite (not necessarily) ie A and AN
DIFFERENCE "DEFINITE" and "INDENFINITE":
"Indenfinite (A and AN)" is used for common and non-specific nouns.
For the example (Ex.):
I want an umbrella.
(The word umbrella is still general and not specific how the umbrella is meant)
I saw a man in my class.
(The word man is still general and not specific how man is meant whether he is tall, short, a cop, teacher, etc.)
NOTE: Differences in the use of A and AN depend on the word of the object preceded by consonant or vowel letters (how to read the writing). If initially read vowels, use AN. If it was originally read consonant. Use A.
Example:
1) an umbrella (read "ambrella" so initially read vowel)
2) a cat (read "keit" so initially read consonant)
3) a hour (pronounced "awer" even though it is written in consonant letters but because it is read begins with the vowel of awer-a-w-e-r.so must use article A.
4) An university (read "yuniversiti" because the first letter is read consonant ie YU-ni ver-si-ti then must use the article AN.
"Definite" (THE) is used for special nouns and is specific.
For the example (Ex.):
I want the orange juice. (I want orange juice)
(The word orange juice is specific because its juice is already caught orange juice)
Keep in mind, sometimes the use of the and a is used on the same word. It depends on the situation in the sentence.
Look at these examples:
A.We want to buy an umbrella.
(The word umbrella is still common, He wants umbrella / umbrella that is not specific, no matter what color is important umbrella ayang and it includes common noun).
B.Where is the umbrella?
(We already have an umbrella / umbrella because of a condition so he is looking for where umbrella / umbrella is located and that includes a special noun caused by a condition).
The story below hopefully can help friends distinguish in the use of A, AN. And THE.
A man and a woman were walking in Oxford Street. The woman saw a dress that she liked in a shop. She asked the man if she could buy the dress for her. He said: "Do you think the shop will accept a cheque? I do not have a credit card. "
Sentence Active (active sentence)
A sentence is expressed as an active sentence when the subject (s) of the sentence is actively performing an action or activity. In other words, the subject of the sentence acts as an actor. While the action or activity of the subject is expressed through the predicate (p) to the object (o) the sentence.
No need to confuse friends, let's look at the following active sentence example:
I watch The Good Dinosaurs.
I watch The Good Dinosaurs.
Emily buys a new bag.
Emily bought a new bag.
Richard and James brought some foods to the table.
Richard and James brought some food to the table.
Notice each subject in the above sentence example. The three subjects in the sentences are I, Emily, and Richard-James. The subjects are actively engaged in an activity. For example, in the first sentence I (s) by actively performing an activity that is watching (p), and the spectacle or object (o) is the movie The Good Dinosaurs.
Then, consider the second example. The subject in the second sentence is Emily who buys (p) a new bag (o). Similar to the first sentence, this second sentence also shows the active subject of an activity. We can recognize this active sentence through its predicate. Likewise with the third sentence. Both subjects in the third sentence carry food to the table. This sentence reinforces the subject's subject position in an active sentence, ie as an actor.
Passive Sentence
If the subject's active sentence performs an activity or action, then the passive sentence is just the opposite. Friends can see the difference through the example sentence below:
The Good Dinosaurs is watched by me.
The Good Dinosaurs are watched by me.
A new bag is bought by Emily.
A new bag was bought by Emily.
Some foods are brought to the table by Richard and James.
Some food was brought by Richard and James to the table.
In the above sentence example, it is clear that the subject of the sentence does not engage in an act or activity actively. While the object is placed in front of the sentence.
Present Simple
Active Sentence:
Somebody cleansthis room every day.
Someone cleaned this room every day.
Passive sentences:
This room is cleanedby somebody every day.
This room is cleaned by someone every day.
In the present simple verbs used are the first form verb or verb 1. Therefore, friends need to use to be present simple to form passive sentences, that is is, am, and are. Then after putting to be, verb or verb is added ed, like the second verb form. In the above sentence example the clean verb is added to be cleaned
Past Simple
Here is an example of an active sentence that is converted to a passive form in a simple past sentence:
Active Sentence:
Somebody cleaned this room yesterday.
Someone cleaned this room yesterday.
Passive sentences:
This room was cleaned by somebody yesterday.
This room was cleaned by someone yesterday.
In the example above sentence it is clear that to be used and the verb or verb is tailored to the past simple tense. The to be used is was or were and the verb used is verb 2.
Present Perfect
Present perfect using has and have and verb 3. In the use of these tenses, friends just need to put been between to be and verb 3. Note the example:
Active Sentence:
John has told Mary a fairytale.
John has told a fairy tale to Mary.
Passive sentences:
A fairytale has been told by John to Marry.
A fairy tale has been told by John to Mary.
A. Indefinite Pronouns (pronouns something indeterminate)
Is a pronoun not used to represent or substitute a specific person, an object, an animal, or an amount. Indefinite Pronouns is vague, vague, or indefinite.
'Some, any, no, every' followed by 'one, body, thing' serves as a pronoun to explain things / common / unidentified / unidentified person.
The pronoun is always followed by a single verb although sometimes it refers to more than 1 person / thing. Example:
Everyone is going to the concert.
Nobody has bought that car.
There is something I want to see here.
Let's discuss them one by one:
1. Some (one, body, thing): used for positive sentence.
Example:
Someone / somebody used this computer yesterday but I do not know who it was.
I need something from you.
2. Any (one, body, thing): used for negative sentence and sentence question.
Example:
I went there but I did not see anyone / anybody.
Do you need anything from me?
*) 'Any' can also function as an adjective. In this context 'any' means anything, any one, just any. In this context 'any' can be used in positive sentences.
Example:
You can do anything if you want to.
3. No (one, body, thing): used in positive sentences, implies the absence / absence of a thing / person.
Example:
Nobody / no one can find me here.
I have nothing to eat.
4. Every (one, body, thing): used in positive sentences.
Example:
Everybody thinks it is a joke.
Everyone / everybody likes to eat.
Everything is gonna be okay.
Then what's the difference someone vs somebody, anyone vsanybody? Both have the same meaning and rules of use, are interchangeable (mutually replaceable)
B. Reflexive pronoun
Is a pronoun (pronoun) which indicates that the subject (which may be a person, or animal) accepts the action of the verb in a sentence, so that the subject has its own reflexive form in the object's position. Reflexive Pronoun are: singular (myself, yourself, herself, itself), and Plural (self, yourselves, themselves), or more details please see the example below.
1. Singular
- I see myself in the mirror (I see myself in the mirror)
- You do not need to blame yourself everytime (You do not have to blame yourself all the time)
- He tries to make himeself usefull in his group (He tries to make himself useful in his group)
- She will hurt herself if she still plays with that roses (She will hurt herself if she keeps playing with those roses)
- The book dropped down by itself (The book fell by itself)
2. Plural
- We make ourselves more manly with this clothes (We make ourselves more handsome with this outfit)
- All of you make your very hard work to achieve the goals (You all make yourself work very hard to achieve goals)
- The children decorate the class by themselves (Kids decorate their own class)
Use of Reflexive Pronoun
As explained above that the reflexive pronoun function indicates that the subject (which may be a person, or animal) accepts the action of the verb in a sentence. So the question is when should we use Reflexive pronoun?
# When it becomes a direct object
Where the subject and object are the same. We can use reflexive pronoun with transitive verb, for example: amuse, blame, cut, dry, enjoy, help, hurt, introduce, kill, prepare, satisfy, teach, etc. Sample sentence:
I teach myself to drive motorcycle. ("Myself" replaces the subject "I" and becomes the direct object verb "teach").
He blames himself when he got bad scores. ("Himself" is the reflexive of the "He" subject and becomes the direct object verb "blame").
# When it becomes an indirect object
Where the object is the same as subject of verb. example of sentences:
I have written myself a letter to send tomorrow. ("Myself" is reflexive subject "I" and becomes indirect object).
# When it becomes an object of preposition
He makes a life for himself. ("Himself" is the object of preposition "for").
That man is talking to himself. ("Himself" is the object of preposition "to").
#When to give more emphasis on things done by the subject
I will do it myself. No one else will help me. ("Myself" is a reflexive pronoun from subject I that serves to give more emphasis to what it does).
#When there is a combination of subjects
Subjects in the form of proper noun sometimes can also be combined with reflexive pronoun. Example:
I and my brother go to the mall to make ourselves happy. (Reflexive pronoun "ourselves" replaces the combination of "I" and "my brother")
Causative Have
Form
have + object + verb 3 past participle – have something done
have + object + infinitive – have someone do something
Meaning
1. We use causativewhen arranging for someone to do something for us.
They had their car repaired.
They arranged for someone to repair it
They repaired their car.
They did it themselves
I had my hair cut yesterday.
I went to the hairdresser
I cut my hair yesterday.
I cut it myself
2. We use causativewhen someone does something to us.
Bill had his money stolen.
3. We can use have someone do somethingto talk about giving instructions or orders (more common in American English).
I had my assistant type the report.
I’ll have my lawyer look into it.
Determiner
"Determiners are words placed in front of a noun to make it clear what the noun refers to." Determiner is a word or group of words placed in front of noun / noun to clarify referring to what the noun / noun.
Determiner serves to limit the meaning of a noun / verb or clarify a noun / noun. Suppose we take a sample sentence "I read novel", the sentence is not clear the meaning of the word "novel". Different if added determiner in front of the word "novel", such as the following "I read a novel". The sentence seems clearer than the original sentence.
Meanwhile, the Determiner itself is divided into several types.
Types of Determiner
The following are the determiner types:
• Articles
Articles (abbreviated to ART) are words used with nouns to indicate the type of reference made by the noun. Articles themselves are divided into several kinds but the most common are, Definite article and Indefinite articles:
• Definite article: the
The word "the" is one of the most common words in English. Definite article indicates that a particular object can be identified by the listener / reader. A definite article might be something that has been mentioned, or maybe something that is unique. Definite articles in English can be used in both singular and plural nouns.
Example: I will never get the job.
• Indefinite articles: a, an
In English, two Indefinite articles are "a", and "an". The use of "a" or "an" depends on the first letter of the word after the article. Article "a" is used when the next word begins with a consonant, or before the word begins "u" and "eu" which sounds like the word "you". And the article "an" is used when the next word starts with vowels (a, e, i, o, u) or with h mute.
example:
She read a magazine.
He ate an apple.
• Demonstratives: this, that, these, those
Demonstrative determiner shows where an object, event, or person has a link to the subject. Demonstrative can refer to physical or psychological proximity or distance. Examples are as follows:
This is my favorite food.
I want that smartphone.
I see these boxes behind your house.
Those pencils are mine.
An example of using Demonstrative Detiner, click here.
• Possessives: my, your, his, her, its, our, their
Possessives are words or grammatical constructs used to indicate ownership relationships in a broad sense.
example:
This is my house.
Where is your school?
I didnt see his car lastnight.
The man steal her bag.
The cat cant reach its tail.
He found their shelter.
Quantifiers: a few, a little, much, many, a lot of, most, some, any, enough
Quantifiers are the types of determines that indicate quantity.
example:
I lost many things in my room.
He has a lot of keys that he need.
Some people are happy after party.
She has enough food for us.
• Numerals: one, ten, thirty
Numerals Determiners are members of a word class (or subclass of determiners) that points to numbers.
example:
There are twenty-eight students in the classroom.
She was the fourth person to win the award.
Six hundred thousand people were left homeless after the earthquake.
• Distributives: all, both, half, either, neither, each, every
Distributives determiner refers to a group of people or things, and to individual members of a group that show different ways of looking at individuals within a group, and they reveal how something is distributed, shared, or shared.
example:
All soldiers went home after the war.
Both Nadine and Chandra are her enemies.
Every people will die.
• Interrogatives: which, what, whose
example:
She didnt know which parts of the machines are broken.
I forgot my bag on the table.
Question tag formula
LINKING VERB "BE" / AUXILIARY VERB +/- NOT + PRONOUN
Information:
Linking verb "be" is: is, am, are, was, were, while auxiliary verb is a primary auxiliary verb (be, do, have) or auxiliary verb capital (will, would, may, may, might, can, Shall, should) match the verb in the statement section.
Pronoun is adjusted to the subject in the statement section.
Intonation on Question Tags
The purpose of using question tags is to ask for information or request approval. When using it to ask for information, the speaker's position does not know whether the information is true or false. Under these conditions, the question tag is emphasized by rising intonation.
As when question tags are used for approval, speakers are convinced that information is known to be true, but expects answers that support their beliefs. In that situation the question tag is pronounced without emphasis with falling intonation.
Below are some of the provisions in creating a question tag.
1. If the sentence is positive, then the question tag is negative.
Example:
You are handsome, are not you?
He is serious, is not he?
Note: If the question tag is negative, then the note should be abbreviated ( are not you? Not are you?).
2. If the sentence is negative, then the question tag is positive.
Example:
You are not handsome, are you?
He is not serious, is he?
3. If the subject I am, then the question tag is are not I. However, if the subject I am not, then the question tag it am I.
Example:
I am smart, are not I?
I am not guilty, am I?
4. If the sentence uses verbs, then use do / does for Verb 1 and did for Verb 2 in creating the question tag.
Example:
You stay in Lampung, do not you?
Echi writes a short story, does not she?
She played guitar, did not she?
5. If the sentence uses modals, then use the modals for the question tag. Especially for modals have to, use the word do for the question tag.
Example:
Nasya can not play piano, can she?
Tiwi will be here, will not she?
They have to go to school, do not they?
6. If the sentence contains a word with a negative meaning, such as nobody, no one, seldom, nothing, hardly, barely, rarely, then use a positive question tag.
Example:
No one cares of me, do they?
She never seems to care, does she?
Arif seldom does his homework, does he?
Nobody lived in this house, did they?
7. If the subject is everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, no one and nobody, then use them in the question tag.
Example:
Somebody played guitar last night, did not they?
Everybody watched the movie, did not they?
8. If the subject is everything, something, and nothing, then use it in the question tag.
Example:
Everything should be ready, should not it?
Something is moving, is not it?
9. If the sentence is a command or a prohibition, use the will you to question the tag.
Example:
Close the door, will you?
Do not be lazy, will you?
Do not make me upset, will you?
10. If the sentence starts with let's, then the question tag is shall we.
Example:
Let's wash the motorcyle, shall we?
Let's go to the mall, shall we?
Let's forget it, shall we?
So and Such
How to Use So and Such in English - How do we use so and such in English sentences? Follow the explanation below.
Use of 'So':
1. So + Adjective
"So" can be combined with adjectives to show the 'very' meaning to the adjective beginning 'so'. This form is widely used in exciting sentences.
Example:
The music is so great! I really enjoy it
The food is so delicious! I want to buy it again next time.
Her face is so innocent! She still looks like a kid.
His ring is so expensive! I bet that is a limited edition.
2. So + Adverb
"So" can be combined with adverbs to explain the 'very' meaning in the description of the way it is used. This form is often used in intriguing sentences.
Example:
She walks so slowly! I usually leave her behind.
He cooks so well! I am happy to have dinner at his home.
They work so fast! I can rise their salary next month.
She dances so beautifully! I love it very much.
3. So + Many / Few + Plural Noun
"So" can be combined with "many" or "few" plus a plural noun to indicate the 'very' meaning of the number of objects.
Example:
I do not know you have so many bags! They look great and expensive, do not they?
He has so few friends! He often feels lonely.
She gets so many foods for lunch. She should ask her friend to eat together.
We buy so many books to read in the holiday. We really like reading.
4. So + Much / Little + Non-countable Noun
'So' can be combined with "much" or "little" plus a non-countable noun to indicate the 'very' meaning of the number of uncountable nouns.
Example:
Pigo got so much money! He finally bought a new car and house.
Juju has so little sugar! She can not make candy today.
5. So + Much / Little / Often / Rarely
"So" can be combined with "much," "little," "often," or "rarely" to describe how often a person performs an action.
Example:
Sam swims so much! It's very good for his health.
I come to the English course so rarely! I have missed many lessons.
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Use of 'Such':
1. Such + Adjective + Noun
"Such" can be combined with adjectives and nouns to explain the meaning of 'very'.
Examples:
Rita has such a beautiful voice! I really love it
Sides bought such a pretty dress! That must be expensive.
REMEMBER: If no noun (noun) you use 'So'.
Such a beautiful girl
So beautiful
2. Such + Judgmental Noun
"Such" can be combined with a noun that indicates judgment to emphasize.
Example:
She is such an idiot!
He is such a genius!
3. Such + Noun (This type of ...)
Such "can also mean" this kind "or" that kind ".
Example:
The archeologist had never seen such writing before he discovered the tablet.
This / that type of writing
They usually do not receive such criticism. They can notdevelop themselves because of that.
This / that kind of criticism
We have never done such mistakes before. We blame ourselves for being lost. (These / those kinds of mistakes)
Function, Conditional Sentence Type 3 Formulas and Examples
A. Understanding.
Before talking about the function and conditional sentence formula type 3, let's first learn the meaning. Conditional Sentence is a combination of two sentences in which one of them is the sentence of the terms (clause) while the other is a sentence that contains the result or the result of whether or not implemented.
B. Conditional Sentence Type Function 3.
In contrast to type 1 and type 2 which is still possible even though difficult to be realized, conditional Sentence type 3 serves to create conditional sentences that are likely to occur very unlikely because it is too late or can only be done if time can be played back.
Example: If I had studied hard, I would have been graduated. (If I was studying hard, I would have passed). In fact I was not studying so much that I am now still in class / not graduating.
C. Conditional Sentence Formula type 3.
Terms Sentence
The result
If + Past Perfect Tense
Past Future Perfect Tense
If + S + had + Verb 3
S + would + have + Verb 3
Or it could be turned into:
The result
Terms Sentence
Past Future Perfect Tense
If + Past Perfect Tense
S + would + have + Verb 3
If + S + had + Verb 3
D. Example Sentence Conditional Sentence Type 3.
1. If I had known that you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
2. If she has been able to finish her job well, she would have been promoted as a director.
3. If John had driven his car carefully, we would not have got an accident.
4. My father would have been here, if the flight had not been canceled.
5. Linda would not have arrived at home, if the my father had not picked her up.
DIRECT and INDIRECT SPEECH
Direct Speech is a phrase spoken directly from the speaker. Sentence are not modified or added.
Example:
-Erfin said, "I am so happy".
-They said, "We have watched football game".
Indirect Speech is a sentence derived from a direct sentence that is told
Back in another form.
Example:
-Erfin said that he was so happy
-They said that they had watched football game.
Note:
If the Verb in parent form is PRESENT and PRESENT PERFECT
Or the existence of a general description on the parent sentence, then no time changes in indirect Sentences.
Example:
-She asks me, "Are you sleepy?" She asks me wether I am sleepy
-He has told us, "I am hungry." He told us that he is hungry
-She told me, "the sun rises in the east". She told me that the sun rises in the east
But if the Verb is in a sentence other than PRESENT and PRESENT PERFECT then there is a time change in the Sentence not directly.
Example:
-Simple Present becomes Simple Past
A. He told me, "I go to work everyday."
B. He told me that he went to work everyday.
-Present Continuous becomes Past Continuous
A. She told me, "I am playing music now".
B. She told me that she was playing music then.
-Present Perfect becomes Past Perfect
A. They told me. "We have bought a car".
B. They told me that they had bought a car.
-Simple Past becomes Past Perfect
A. He told me, "I went to Bandung yesterday".
B. He told me that he had gone to Bandung yesterday.
-Simple Future to Future Past
A. He told me, "I will go to university next year".
B. He told me that he would go to university the following year.
-Past-Future becomes Future Past Perfect
A. She told me, "I should go there if I were you."
B. She told me that she would have gone there if she had been me.
CAPITAL CHANGES, PREPOSITION and Description of the time of the sentence
Directly into an indirect sentence. :
• Shall - Should See - saw Will - would
• Is - was May - might Has / have - had
• Can -could are - were Here - there
• This - that Now - then Ago - before, Etc
IMPERATIVE (COMMAND SENTENCE)
The imperative / command is divided into two; Order and forbid.
1. Telling, conjunction it uses:
To + V-1 and to be + Complement.
Example:
My teacher advised us, "Study hard please!".
My teacher advised us to study hard. (To + V-1)
She asked me. "Be a strong person!".
She asked me to be a person. (To be + complement).
2. Prohibit, conjunction it uses:
Not to + v-1 and not to be + complement
Example:
My mother asked me, "Do not go home too late!".
My mother asked me not to go home too late.
She asked me, "Do not be afraid, baby".
She asked me not to be afraid.
Note: In the imperative sentence, there is no change of tenses, although the introductory sentence uses simple past. HOWEVER, if there is another sentence after the imperative sentence, then there is a tense change in the other sentence.
Example:
You asked me, "Please bring what I gave you last night!".
You asked me to bring what you had given me the night before.
Question
If Sentence Tanya uses Auxiliary verb (Working Aid).
In General Reporting Verb uses verbs: Ask, tell. While in the indirect sentence between Roporting Verb with Reported Word is associated with "IF & Weather (if- Is), for example:
D: Iasked her, "Do you like banana?"
I: I asked her If Sh Likes Banana.
When the sentence Tanya mengguinakan word Question (question words)
In the form of an indirect sentence, the word Tanya used in the sentence is instantly transformed into a liaison between eporting verbs with reported words, for example:
D: I asked Him "what is your name?"
I: I asked Him what his name was.
